What formations are used to limit the intake of sand and snow into the aircraft?

Echelon formations, whether left or right, are specifically designed to provide significant advantages in mitigating the intake of environmental elements like sand and snow into the aircraft. When aircraft operate in echelon, they are positioned in a staggered alignment, allowing the leading aircraft to block or divert the wind and particles from the trailing aircraft. This formation helps to create a buffer zone where airborne debris is minimized, thus protecting the aircraft's engines and sensitive components.

In contrast, other formations such as line abreast, diamond, and V formations do not offer the same level of protection against environmental hazards. Each of these formations has its own tactical advantages, but they are not particularly effective in limiting sand and snow intake. Understanding the purpose of echelon formations highlights their practical application in enhancing aircraft performance and safety in challenging weather conditions.